Idan lissafi ya kusanci iyakokin saurin agogo na zahiri, sai mu koma ga tsarin gine-gine masu matakai da yawa. Lokacin da sadarwa ta kusanci iyakokin saurin watsawa na zahiri, sai mu koma ga tsarin eriya mai matakai da yawa. Menene fa'idodin da suka sa masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi suka zaɓi eriya da yawa a matsayin tushen 5G da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya? Duk da cewa bambancin sarari shine farkon abin da ya sa aka ƙara eriya a tashoshin tushe, an gano a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 cewa shigar da eriya da yawa a gefen Tx da/ko Rx ya buɗe wasu damarmaki waɗanda ba a iya hango su ba tare da tsarin eriya ɗaya. Bari mu bayyana manyan dabaru guda uku a cikin wannan mahallin.
**Kayan aiki na haske**
Beamforming ita ce babbar fasahar da aka gina tushen tsarin zahiri na hanyoyin sadarwar salula na 5G. Akwai nau'ikan beamforming guda biyu daban-daban:
Tsarin haske na gargajiya, wanda kuma aka sani da Layin Gani (LoS) ko tsarin haske na zahiri
Tsarin haske na gabaɗaya, wanda kuma aka sani da Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) ko tsarin haske na kama-da-wane
Manufar da ke bayan nau'ikan biyu na ƙirƙirar haske ita ce amfani da eriya da yawa don haɓaka ƙarfin sigina ga wani mai amfani, yayin da ake hana sigina daga tushe masu katsewa. A matsayin misali, matatun dijital suna canza abubuwan sigina a cikin yankin mita a cikin wani tsari da ake kira tace haske. Hakazalika, ƙirƙirar haske yana canza abubuwan sigina a cikin yankin sarari. Shi ya sa ake kiransa da tace sarari.
Tsarin hasken lantarki na zahiri yana da dogon tarihi a cikin tsarin sarrafa sigina don tsarin sonar da radar. Yana samar da ainihin hasken lantarki a sarari don watsawa ko karɓa kuma don haka yana da alaƙa da kusurwar isowa (AoA) ko kusurwar tashi (AoD) na siginar. Kamar yadda OFDM ke ƙirƙirar kwararar ruwa a layi ɗaya a cikin yankin mita, tsarin hasken lantarki na gargajiya ko na zahiri yana ƙirƙirar hasken wuta a layi ɗaya a cikin yankin kusurwa.
A gefe guda kuma, a cikin sauƙin yanayinsa, tsarin ƙirƙirar haske na gabaɗaya ko na kama-da-wane yana nufin watsa (ko karɓa) sigina iri ɗaya daga kowace eriya ta Tx (ko Rx) tare da daidaitaccen tsari da ma'aunin gani ta yadda za a iya ƙara ƙarfin siginar zuwa ga wani mai amfani. Ba kamar yadda ake sarrafa haske a zahiri a wani takamaiman alkibla ba, watsawa ko karɓa yana faruwa a kowane bangare, amma mabuɗin shine ƙara kwafi da yawa na siginar a gefen karɓa don rage tasirin faɗuwa da yawa.
**Yawancin Sarari**
A yanayin multiplexing na sarari, ana raba kwararar bayanai ta shigarwa zuwa rafuka masu layi daya da yawa a cikin yankin sarari, tare da kowane rafi sannan a watsa shi ta hanyar sarƙoƙi na Tx daban-daban. Muddin hanyoyin tashoshi sun zo daga kusurwoyi daban-daban a cikin eriya na Rx, ba tare da kusan haɗin kai ba, dabarun sarrafa siginar dijital (DSP) na iya canza matsakaiciyar mara waya zuwa tashoshi masu layi daya masu zaman kansu. Wannan yanayin MIMO shine babban abin da ke haifar da ƙaruwar girma a cikin adadin bayanai na tsarin mara waya na zamani, tunda ana watsa bayanai masu zaman kansu a lokaci guda daga eriya da yawa akan bandwidth iri ɗaya. Algorithms na gano abubuwa kamar sifili tilastawa (ZF) suna raba alamomin daidaitawa daga tsangwama na sauran eriya.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, a cikin WiFi MU-MIMO, ana watsa kwararar bayanai da yawa a lokaci guda zuwa ga masu amfani da yawa daga eriya masu watsawa da yawa.
**Lambar Lambobin Sarari-Lokaci**
A cikin wannan yanayin, ana amfani da tsare-tsaren lambar musamman a tsawon lokaci da eriya idan aka kwatanta da tsarin eriya ɗaya, don haɓaka bambancin siginar karɓa ba tare da asarar ƙimar bayanai a wurin mai karɓa ba. Lambobin lokacin sarari suna haɓaka bambancin sarari ba tare da buƙatar kimanta tashoshi a wurin mai watsawa tare da eriya da yawa ba.
Kamfanin Concept Microwave ƙwararre ne wajen kera kayan haɗin RF na 5G don tsarin Antenna a China, waɗanda suka haɗa da matatar RF mai ƙarancin wucewa, matatar highpass, matatar bandpass, matatar notch/band stop filter, duplexer, mai raba wutar lantarki da kuma mahaɗin jagora. Duk waɗannan za a iya keɓance su gwargwadon buƙatunku.
Barka da zuwa gidan yanar gizon mu:www.concept-mw.comko kuma a aiko mana da imel a:sales@concept-mw.com
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-29-2024