Fasahar tacewa ta milimita (mmWave) muhimmin bangare ne wajen ba da damar sadarwa ta mara waya ta 5G, duk da haka tana fuskantar kalubale da dama dangane da girman jiki, juriyar masana'antu, da kuma daidaiton zafin jiki.
A fannin sadarwa ta 5G ta yau da kullun, nan gaba za a mayar da hankali kan amfani da mitoci sama da 20 GHz a cikin tsarin mmWave don haɓaka ƙarfin bandwidth, wanda a ƙarshe zai haɓaka ƙimar watsawa.
Sanannen abu ne cewa saboda yawan mitoci da kuma asarar hanya mai yawa, siginar mmWave tana buƙatar ƙananan eriya. Waɗannan eriya an haɗa su wuri ɗaya don samar da eriya mai faɗi da kuma mai yawan riba.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke tattare da ƙirar matattara yana da alaƙa da daidaita girman eriya, musamman ga matattara masu yawan mita. Bugu da ƙari, juriyar masana'antu da daidaiton zafin jiki na matattara yana tasiri sosai ga kowane fanni na ƙira da samarwa na samfur.
Takamaiman Girma a Fasahar mmWave
A cikin tsarin tsara eriya na gargajiya, tazara tsakanin abubuwa dole ne ta kasance ƙasa da rabin tsawon tsayi (λ/2) don guje wa tsangwama. Wannan ƙa'ida ta shafi eriya masu tsara haske na 5G. Misali, eriya da ke aiki a cikin band na 28 GHz tana da tazara tsakanin abubuwa na kimanin mm 5. Saboda haka, abubuwan da ke cikin jerin dole ne su kasance ƙanana sosai.
Jerin hanyoyin da aka tsara a cikin aikace-aikacen mmWave galibi suna ɗaukar ƙirar tsarin planar, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, inda aka ɗora eriya (wuraren rawaya) akan allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs) (wuraren kore), kuma allunan da'ira (wuraren shuɗi) za a iya haɗa su daidai da allunan eriya.
Sararin da ke kan waɗannan allunan da'ira ya riga ya yi ƙanƙanta, amma fasahohin da ke tasowa suna binciken ƙarin ƙananan tsare-tsare masu faɗi, wanda ke nuna cewa matattara da sauran tubalan da'ira suna buƙatar ƙanƙanta sosai don a ɗora su kai tsaye a bayan PCB ɗin eriya.
Tasirin Juriyar Masana'antu akan Matatun Mai
Ganin mahimmancin matatun mmWave, juriyar masana'antu tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, tana tasiri ga aikin matatun da farashi.
Domin ƙarin bincike kan waɗannan abubuwan, mun kwatanta hanyoyi guda uku daban-daban na kera matatun mai ƙarfin 26 GHz:
Teburin da ke ƙasa yana bayyana irin juriyar da ake fuskanta a samarwa:
Tasirin Haƙuri akan Matatun Microstrip na PCB
Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, an nuna ƙirar matattarar microstrip.
Tsarin kwaikwayon ƙira kamar haka:
Domin nazarin tasirin haƙuri akan wannan matattarar microstrip ta PCB, an zaɓi juriya mai ƙarfi guda takwas, wanda ya bayyana bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci.
Tasirin Juriya akan Matatun PCB Stripline
Tsarin matattarar stripline, wanda aka nuna a ƙasa, tsari ne mai matakai bakwai tare da allon dielectric na mil 30 RO3003 a sama da ƙasa.
Juyawan ba shi da tsayi sosai, kuma ma'aunin kusurwa mai kusurwa ya yi ƙasa da na microstrip saboda rashin sifili kusa da passband, wanda ke haifar da rashin ingantaccen aikin jituwa a mitoci masu nisa.
Hakazalika, nazarin haƙuri yana nuna mafi kyawun amsawa idan aka kwatanta da layin microstrip.
Kammalawa
Domin sadarwa ta 5G mara waya ta samu saurin gudu, fasahar tace mmWave da ke aiki a mita 20 GHz ko sama da haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Duk da haka, ƙalubale na ci gaba da kasancewa dangane da girman jiki, kwanciyar hankali na haƙuri, da kuma sarkakiyar masana'antu.
Saboda haka, dole ne a yi la'akari da tasirin haƙuri akan ƙira. A bayyane yake cewa matatun SMT suna nuna kwanciyar hankali fiye da matatun microstrip da stripline, wanda ke nuna cewa matatun saman SMT na iya zama babban zaɓi don sadarwa na mmWave na gaba.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-17-2024